It all starts with heavy cream, which is the high-fat part of milk that's separated from the rest of the liquid. When you whip heavy cream, you're essentially introducing air into the mixture, which creates bubbles and makes it expand. It's kind of like when you shake up a soda bottle and it gets all frothy - similar idea!
As you continue to whip the cream, the fat molecules start to break down and reorganize themselves into a more stable structure, which gives whipped cream its light and airy texture. It's pretty amazing to think about how something as simple as milk can be transformed into a totally different substance just by adding some air and agitation. I mean, have you ever tried to whip cream by hand - it's a workout!