It all starts with the Romans. They founded Londinium around 43 AD. They built a wall, a forum, and a very expensive bathhouse.
But when the Romans left in the 5th century, the city pretty much fell apart. It became a ghost town of crumbling stone. The real action moved elsewhere.
Winchester: The Original Cool Kid
For a long time, the capital was Winchester. Yes, that sleepy town. It was King Alfred the Great’s seat of power in the 9th century.
Winchester had the royal treasury. It had the king’s court. It was the place to be if you wanted a job or to get beheaded. London was just a dusty trading post by the river.